Hordhac
Waa Maxay Xasaasiyad (Allergy)?
Xasaasiyaddu waa falcelin uu jirku si xad-dhaaf ah uga bixiyo waxyaabo caadi ahaan uusan waxyeello ku qabin. Qofka xasaasiyadda qaba, jirkiisu wuxuu si khaldan u arkaa walxahaas inay yihiin waxyaabo halis ah, wuxuuna billaabaa difaac xooggan oo keena calaamado kala duwan sida hindhiso, finan, qufac ama neefta oo ku dhegta.
AI ayaa lagu sameeyay sawirka
Sababaha Keena Xasaasiyadda (Etiology)
Xasaasiyadda waxaa keena falcelinta nidaamka difaaca jirka ee loo yaqaan Immune System, marka uu la kulmo walxo loo yaqaan Allergen. Kuwan waxaa kamid ah:
- Boorka guriga (dust mites)
- Manjarka ubaxa (pollen)
- Cuntooyin sida ukunta, caanaha, kalluunka ama lawska
- Dawooyinka sida penicillin
- Caarada ama haragga xayawaanka
- Qaniinyada kaneecada, shinnida ama cayayaanka kale
Dadku waxay u kala nugul yihiin xasaasiyad iyadoo ay sabab u yihiin isbeddelka hidde-sideyaasha (genetics), deegaanka uu ku nool yahay qofka, iyo sida uu jirkiisu ula falgalo walxaha dibadda.
Calaamadaha Xasaasiyadda (Symptoms)
Calaamadaha xasaasiyadda way kala duwan yihiin waxayna ku xiran yihiin nooca waxa keena xasaasiyadda iyo sida qofka jirkiisu uga falceliyo. Calaamadaha caanka ah waxaa ka mid ah:
- Hindhiso joogto ah iyo sanboor (allergic rhinitis)
- Faruuryaha, indhaha ama wejiga oo barara
- Cuncun iyo finan ka soo baxa maqaarka (urticaria)
- Qufac, neef-qabatow iyo xiiqdheer (asthma allergic)
- Calool xanuun, matag ama shuban (xasaasiyadda cuntada)
- Xaalad deg-deg ah oo khatar ah (anaphylaxis) taas oo ah neefmareenka oo xirma– taasoo u baahan gargaar degdeg ah
Ogaanshaha Xasaasiyadda (Diagnosis)
Dhakhaatiirta waxay adeegsadaan habab kala duwan si loo ogaado xasaasiyadda, kuwaas oo ay ka mid yihiin:
- Taariikh caafimaad (history): Wareysi ku saabsan calaamadaha, cunnooyinka ama deegaanka la falgalo-sida shaqada iwm.
- Baaritaanka maqaarka (Skin Prick Test): Walxo yaryar oo xasaasiyadeed ayaa lagu mudaa maqaarka si loo arko falcelinta (Sidoo noqonaa qofka, xasaasiyada maku kacee)
- Baaritaanka dhiigga (IgE test): Waxaa la baarayaa xaddiga unugyada difaaca (antibodies) ee ka falceliya allergen-ka
- Food challenge test: Waxaa la sameeyaa kormeer taxaddar leh iyadoo la cunayo (bukaan cunayo) cunto loo maleynayo in xasaasiyad ka dhalatay
Daaweynta Xasaasiyadda (Treatment)
Daaweynta xasaasiyadda waxay ku saleysan tahay saddex arrimood:
- Ka fogaanshaha allergen-ka – Waa tallaabada ugu muhiimsan. Haddii la garanayo waxa sababa xasaasiyadda, in laga fogaado ayaa muhiim ah.
-
Daawooyin – Waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu yareeyo calaamadaha. Waxaa ka mid ah:
- Antihistamines (daawooyinka ka hortaga histamine)
- Corticosteroids (daawooyinka lidka bararka)
- Decongestants (ka nadiifiya sanka ama hawada u fura)
- Epinephrine (duriin deg-deg ah oo loo adeegsado xaaladaha anaphylaxis-neefmareenka oo xirma)
- Daaweyn xasaasiyadeed (Immunotherapy) – Waxaa la siyaa qofka allergen-ka qaba si tartiib tartiib ah waxa uu xasasiyo ku qabo si jirku u barto inuusan si xun uga falcelin. Waxaa lagu qaataa cirbad ahaan ama af ahaan muddo sanado ah.
F.G: Fadlan daawoyinka kor lagu soo sheegay ha qaadan ayadoon dhakhtar kuu qorin.
Gunaanad
Xasaasiyaddu waa dhibaato caafimaad oo saameyn ku yeelan karta tayada nolosha qofka. Fahamka waxa keena, sida loo ogaado, iyo sidii looga hortagi lahaa ayaa muhiim u ah. Waa lagama maarmaan in dadka xasaasiyadda qaba ay la xiriiraan xirfadle caafimaad si loo helo daaweyn habboon.
Tixraacyo (References):
- Mayo Clinic Staff.
Allergies – Symptoms and causes.
Mayo Clinic.
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/allergies/symptoms-causes
(La helay Agoosto 2025) - American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI).
What is an allergy?
https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/what-is-an-allergy
(La helay Agoosto 2025) - National Health Service (NHS), UK.
Allergies.
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/allergies/
(La helay Agoosto 2025) - World Allergy Organization (WAO).
Diagnosis and Rationale for Action against Cow’s Milk Allergy (DRACMA) guidelines.
WAO Journal.
https://www.worldallergy.org/
(La helay Agoosto 2025) - MedlinePlus – U.S. National Library of Medicine.
Allergy testing.
https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/allergy-test/
(La helay Agoosto 2025) - Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA).
GINA Report: Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention.
https://ginasthma.org/
(La helay Agoosto 2025) - Cleveland Clinic.
Anaphylaxis: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment.
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8612-anaphylaxis
(La helay Agoosto 2025)